A person who cannot work because of a severe medical condition may qualify for free health insurance and monthly benefits from the US government. About twenty million disabled Americans currently receive assistance from the Social Security Administration (SSA) for disability through SSI and SSDI. Although the medical eligibility requirements are the same, the two programs are different. Your medical condition must extend for a minimum of one year or result in death; however, you can also meet non-medical requirements to receive benefits. Before applying, understanding the qualification process for both SSI and SSDI will increase your initial chance of success and get you benefits quicker.