Despite sounding complex and expensive, probate is a standard legal process that transfers assets from decedents to their chosen beneficiaries or heirs. Whether or not you require probate depends on the type of property and how you own it, and the state laws in which you live. While probate can be a complex process for vast estates, it is a simple formality for most Americans. Essentially, probate allows a judge to give legal permission for assets to pass whether or not there is a last will.